La decisión de cumplir con el acuerdo nuclear civil entre Estados Unidos y la India. Los factores que conducen al cumplimiento por parte del Estado
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18046/recs.i14.1846Palabras clave:
Acuerdo 123 India-U.S., Cumplimiento, Asociación estratégica, Seguridad energética, Comercio nuclearResumen
El cumplimiento del Estado con los compromisos internacionales no siempre es parejo; es posible sesgar la apreciación de qué países van a cumplirlos y cuáles no, y en qué medida. Algunos estudiosos suponen que los EE.UU. cumplirán el Acuerdo nuclear civil 123, firmado con la India y cuyo principal objetivo es suministrar combustible nuclear a éste país. Existe también la percepción de que la India no cumplirá con sus compromisos respectivos, como por ejemplo, en lo que se refiere a mantener las medidas de salvaguardia en sus instalaciones nucleares. Mediante el análisis de un instrumento no vinculante negociado entre dos actores asimétricos, el presente estudio contribuye a un mejor entendimiento de los factores que afectan el cumplimiento de los acuerdos firmados en el ámbito del comercio nuclear. Sobre la base de las teorías de cumplimiento de Peter Haas, analizo la presencia/relevancia de los factores institucionales e ideológicos internacionales que en combinación con la política y las estructuras nacionales pueden influir en la decisión del actor a cumplir. Me parece que podemos esperar que la India cumpla más plenamente con las disposiciones del tratado que los EE.UU; dependiendo de la intervención de ciertos factores institucionales o ideológicos, los EE.UU., no podría o no estaría dispuesto a cumplir. Su voluntad de cumplir podría verse afectada, entre otras cosas por importantes actores nacionales interesados en la aplicación de la Ley de Hyde, como se evidencia en el proceso de ratificación. Por lo tanto, en contra de la opinión dominante, el Acuerdo 123 no le permite a la India lograr la seguridad energética ni termina con treinta y cuatro años de aislamiento nuclear.
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2014-12-19
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González Segovia, O. (2014). La decisión de cumplir con el acuerdo nuclear civil entre Estados Unidos y la India. Los factores que conducen al cumplimiento por parte del Estado. Revista CS, (14), 201-242. https://doi.org/10.18046/recs.i14.1846
