Smart Grid: Las TICs y la modernización de las redes de energía eléctrica – Estado del Arte
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18046/syt.v9i18.1075Palabras clave:
Smart Grid, generación distribuida, fuentes de energía renovables, Gestión de la red eléctrica, independencia de combustibles fósiles, vehículos eléctricos, gases efecto invernadero, TIC.Resumen
En el mundo crece el interés por desarrollar políticas y regulaciones que incentiven la creación de conciencia social respecto de los gases causantes del efecto invernadero. Muchos gobiernos quieren además reducir su dependencia de los combustibles fósiles. Las tecnologías denominadas Smart Grid podrían apoyar estos propósitos al disminuir las emisiones de carbono mediante la gestión de la demanda de energía eléctrica. Además del beneficio medioambiental, su implementación mejora la eficiencia de las redes de transmisión y distribución energética y permite la integración de fuentes de energía renovable distribuidas. La infraestructura de la red eléctrica inteligente debe prever requerimientos futuros y aprovechar las tecnologías que surjan. Con la masificación del uso de vehículos eléctricos, la red deberá poder responder al enorme incremento de la demanda. Todas esas metas son importantes en muchos sectores, pero particularmente para las TIC, pues su desarrollo es el que permitirá a las redes de energía eléctrica volverse "más inteligentes".
Referencias
Basso, T. & DeBlasio, R. (2009). Advancing smart grid interoperability and implementing NIST’s interoperability roadmap: IEEE P2030TM Initiative and IEEE 1547TM Interconnection standards. Recuperado de: http://www.gridwiseac.org/pdfs/forum_papers09/basso.pdf
Basso, T. (2009, Julio). IEEE SCC21 P2030TM Standard development Smart Grid interoperability. Paper presentado en MADRI Meetings, Philadelphia, PA. Recuperado de: http://sites.energetics.com/madri/pdfs/P2030-MADRI-20090701-Basso.pdf
Basso, T. (2011, Abril). IEEE SCC21 1547TM Interconnection and P2030TM Smart Grid interoperability series of standards (slides). Presentación en ANSI Workshop: Standards and codes for electric drive vehicles , Bethesda, MD. Recuperado de: http://publicaa.ansi.org/sites/apdl/Documents/Meetings%20and%20Events/EDV%20Workshop/Presentations/Basso-ANSI-EDV-0411.pdf
Boal, J. (2010). Smart Grid. Recuperado de: http://www.dea.icai.upco.es/sadot/Comunicaciones/avanzadas/Smart%20grid%20-%20Jaime%20Boal.pdf
Boswarthick, D., Elloumi, O, & Ballot, JM (2010, abril). Smart Grids. From the machine to machine perspective. Presentación realizada en Future Internet assembly, Valencia, España. Recuperada de: http://www.future-internet.eu/fileadmin/documents/valencia_documents/sessions/smart_energy/5._boswarthick.pdf
Bullis, K. (2009, Julio). The big Smart Grid challenges. Recuperado de: http://www.technologyreview.com/printer_friendly_article.aspx?id=23015
Chandy, K.M., Gooding, J., & McDonald, J. (2010, Diciembre). Smart Grid system of systems architectures, systems evolution to guide strategic investments in modernizing the electric grid. Paper presentado en Grid-Interop 2010, Working together for interoperability, Chicago, IL. Recuperado de: http://www.gridwiseac.org/pdfs/forum_papers10/gooding_gi10.pdf
Coll-Mayor, D. (2009, Diciembre). Overview of strategies and goals of Smart Grid in Europe. Documento presentado en: R&D Collaboration for DG-ready grid architecture, pre-conference workshop, 4th international conference on integration of renewable and distributed energy resources of energy, Albuquerque, FL. Recuperado de: http://www.4thintegrationconference.com/downloads/Strategies%20&%20Goals%20of%20Smartgrid%20in%20Europe.pdf
Cupp, J., & Beeler, M. (2008). Implementing Smart Grid communications: Managing mountains of data opens up new challenges for electric utilities. Burns & McDonnell TECHBriefs (2008) 4. 5-8. Recuperado de: http://www.smartgridnews.com/artman/uploads/1/article-smartgrid-part2-084.pdf
De Craemer, K. & Deconinck, G. (2010, Marzo). Analysis of state of the art smart metering communication standards. Presentación en Smart Grids and renewable energy production Session 1, Youngs researchers symposium 2010, Leuven, Bélgica. Recuperado de: https://lirias.kuleuven.be/bitstream/123456789/265822/1/SmartMeteringCommStandards.pdf
Department of Energy [DOE] (2008). How the Smart Grid promotes a greener future. Recuperado de: http://www.smartgrid.gov/sites/default/files/pdfs/sg_environmental.pdf
Díaz, E. (2011) La Smart Grid y su dimensión TIC (Presentación). Recuperado de: http://www.enerclub.es/files/frontAction.do?action=getFile&fileID=1000073806
Electric Power Research Institute [EPRI]. (2009, Junio). Report to NIST on the Smart Grid interoperability standards roadmap (Contract No. SB1341-09-CN-0031—Deliverable 7). Recuperado de: http://www.nist.gov/smartgrid/upload/InterimSmartGridRoadmapNISTRestructure.pdf
Electricity Advisory Committee [EAC] (2008). Smart Grid: enabler of the new energy. Recuperado de: http://energy.gov/oe/downloads/smart-grid-enabler-new-energy-economy
European Commission (2006). SmartGrids technology platform. Vision and strategy for Europe’s electricity networks of the Future. Recuperado de: http://ec.europa.eu/research/energy/pdf/smartgrids_en.pdf
European Commission Task Force for Smart Grids. (2010). Mission for the task force for the implementation of Smart Grids into the European internal market. Recuperado de: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/gas_electricity/smartgrids/doc/mission.pdf
Fehrenbacher, K. (2010, Febrero). Smart Grid problem?: Smart at the edge, dumb in the middle. Recuperado de: http://gigaom.com/cleantech/smart-grid-problem-smart-at-the-edge-dumb-in-the-middle/
Flynn, B. (2007, Octubre). What is the real potential of the Smart Grid? Paper preparado para Autovation 2007 The AMRA international symposium, Sept-Oct, 2007, Reno, NV. Recuperado de: http://site.ge-energy.com/prod_serv/plants_td/en/downloads/real_potential_grid.pdf
Galvin, R. & Yeager, K. (2008). Perfect power: How the microgrid revolution will unleash cleaner, greener, and more abundant energy. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
Gómez, L. (2011, Abril). ¿Qué eso de Smart Grid? La red eléctrica inteligente (blog). Recuperado de: http://lynettegomez.wordpress.com/2011/04/25/%C2%BFque-eso-de-smart-grid-la-red-electrica-inteligente/
González, J., Restrepo, H., Isaac, I. & López, G. (2011). Esquema de incorporación de las Smart Grids en el sistema de potencia colombiano. Revista Investigaciones Aplicadas. 9. 21-26. Recuperado de: http://revistas.upb.edu.co/index.php/investigacionesaplicadas/article/viewFile/798/732
Gunther, E.W., Snyder A., Gilchrist G., & Highfill, D. (2009). Smart Grid standards assessment and recommendations for adoption and development (Draft 0.83, preparado para la California Energy Commission). Knoxville, TN: EnerNex. http://opensmartgrid.org/Shared%20Documents/Smart%20Grid%20Standards%20Landscape%20White%20Paper%20v0%2083.doc
Hart, D.G. (2008, Julio). Using AMI to realize the Smart Grid. En Power and energy society general meeting - Conversion and delivery of electrical energy in the 21st Century, IEEE 2008, Pittsburg, PA. 1-2. doi: 10.1109/PES.2008.4596961
Hawkins, K. (2010, Agosto). Smart Grid problems revealed: The NERC study. Recuperado de: http://www.masterresource.org/2010/08/smart-grid-nerc/
Hiskens, I.A. (2010, Julio). What’s smart about the Smart Grid? Design automation conference (DAC), 2010 47th ACM/IEEE. Anaheim, CA. 937–939. New York, NY: ACM.
Hussein, A., Harb, A., Kutkut, S., Shen, N., & Batarseh, J. (2010, Junio). Design considerations for distributed micro-storage systems in residential applications. Paper presentado en Telecommunications energy conference (Intelec), IEEE International 32nd. Orlando, FL
IEEE. (2011). IEEE Draft guide for Smart Grid interoperability of energy technology and information technology operation with the electric power system (EPS), and end-use applications and loads (IEEE P2030/D6.0). doi: 10.1109/IEEESTD.2011.5958567
Ipakchi, A., & Albuyeh, F. (2009). Grid of the future. IEEE Power and energy magazine, (7)2, 52-62. Recuperado de: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm?arnumber=4787536
Kaplan, M. (2009). Smart Grid: Modernizing electric power transmission and distribution; Energy independence, Storage and security; Energy independence and security act of 2007 (EISA); Improving electrical grid efficiency, communication, reliability, and resiliency; integrating new and renewable energy sources. Alexandria, VA: The Capitol Net.
Katz, J. (2010a). Successful Smart Grid architecture. Recuperado de: http://mthink.com/utilities/utilities/successful-smart-grid-architecture
Katz, J. (2010b). Smart Grid security and architectural thinking. Recuperado de: http://www.ibm.com/smarterplanet/global/files/us__en_us__energy__smartgridsecurity_and_architecturalthinking_katz.pdf
Kwasinski, A. (2010, Junio) Implication of Smart-Grids development for communication systems in normal operation and during disasters. Paper presentado en Telecommunications energy conference (Intelec), IEEE International 32nd. Orlando, FL
Lima, C. (2011, Abril). Smart Grids IEEE P2030. IEEE P2030 Smart Grid communications architecture SG1. Presentación en ETSI Workshop - Standards: An architecture for the Smart Grid. Francia, Abril 5th 2011. Recuperado de: http://docbox.etsi.org/Workshop/2011/201104_SMARTGRIDS/02_STANDARDS/IEEE_LIMA.pdf
Lindley, D. (2011). Redes inteligentes: El problema del almacenamiento de la energía. Recuperado de: http://www.npgiberoamerica.com/union-fenosa/redes-inteligentes-el-problema-del-almacenamiento-de-la-en.html
Mahmood, A., Aamir, M. & Anis, M.I. (2008, Octubre). Design and implementation of AMR Smart Grid system. Electric power conference, 2008. EPEC 2008. IEEE. Canadá. Vancouver, BC. 1– 6. Recuperado de: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplore/login.jsp?url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fiel5%2F4749248%2F4763280%2F04763340.pdf%3Farnumber%3D4763340&authDecision=-203
McDonald, J. (2008). Leader o follower. The business scene. IEEE Power & energy magazine, 18-90. doi: 10.1109/MPE.2008.929699
McNaughton, G. & Saint, R. (Enero, 2010). Enterprise integration implications for Home-Area Network technologies. Innovative Smart Grid technologies (ISGT) 2010, Gaithersburg, MD. 1-5. doi:10.1109/ISGT.2010.5434755
Metke, A. & Ekl, R. (2010, Junio). Security technology for Smart Grid networks. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, (1)1, 99-107. Recuperado de: http://www.ece.mtu.edu/~zhuofeng/EE5970Spring2011_files/Security%20Technology%20for%20Smart%20Grid%20Networks.pdf
Mytic et al., (2010). Estrategia integral para el impulso del vehículo eléctrico en España. Recuperado de: http://www.mityc.es/es-es/gabineteprensa/notasprensa/documents/estrategiaintegralveh%C3%ADculoelectrico060410.pdf
National Institute of Standards and Technology [NIST] (2010a). NIST Framework and roadmap for Smart Grid interoperability standards (Release 1.0). Recuperado de: http://www.nist.gov/public_affairs/releases/upload/smartgrid_interoperability_final.pdf
NIST. (2010b). NIST Identifies five “foundational” Smart Grid standards (Press release). Recuperado de: http://www.nist.gov/public_affairs/releases/smartgrid_100710.cfm
Ngan, H.W. (2008). A Smart Grid architecture for supporting open access to power grids. Recuperado de: http://www.smartgridnews.com/artman/uploads/1/full_paper_hw_ngan.pdf
Observatorio Industrial del Sector de la Electrónica, Tecnologías de la información y telecomunicaciones. (2011, Mayo). Smart Grids y la evolución de la red eléctrica. Recuperado de: http://www.mityc.es/industria/observatorios/SectorElectronica/Actividades/2010/Federaci%C3%B3n%20de%20Entidades%20de%20Innovaci%C3%B3n%20y%20Tecnolog%C3%ADa/SMART_GRIDS_Y_EVOLUCION_DE_LA_RED_ELECTRICA.pdf
Ramos, E. (2010, Junio). El vehículo eléctrico. Su impacto en las redes del futuro. Recuperado de http://www.asimelec.es/media/Ou1/Curso%20Verano%202010/Las%20TICs%20y%20el%20coche%20el%C3%A9ctrico_Enrique%20Ramos_Telvent.pdf
Redorbit. (2009). Energy efficiency technologies offer major savings. Recuperado de: http://www.redorbit.com/news/
Romatech. (2010, Junio) Smart Grids: incorporando inteligencia en las redes eléctricas. Revista Electroindustria, 74. Recuperado de: http://www.emb.cl/electroindustria/articulo.mvc?xid=1422&tip=9
Sonoma Innovation. (2009a) Smart Grid communications architectural framework Smart Grid interoperability standards IP protocol & wireless/AMI. Recuperado de: http://www-users.cselabs.umn.edu/classes/Fall-2009/seng5861/project/a1ueNt4L.pdf
Sonoma Innovation. (2009b). Smart Grid communications logical reference architecture. Recuperado de: https://mentor.ieee.org/2030/dcn/09/2030-09-0110-00-0011-smart-grid-communications-logical-reference-architecture.ppt
The GridWise Architecture Council. (2008, Marzo). The GridWise® interoperability context-setting framework. Recuperado de: http://www.gridwiseac.org/pdfs/interopframework_v1_1.pdf
Torchia, M. (2011, Marzo). Top 10 considerations in selecting a distribution area network for Smart Grids (blog, IDC Energy Insights #EI226692). Recuperado de: http://www.smartgridnews.com/artman/uploads/1/IDC_Exec_Brief_0311.pdf
Trilliant (2009). Empowering the Smart Grid. Recuperado de: http://mthink.com/utilities/utilities/trilliant-0
Verschueren, T., Haerick, W., Mets, K., Develder, C., De
Turck, F. & Pollet, T. (2010). Architectures for smart end-user services in the power grid. Network operations and management symposium workshops (NOMS, 2010 IEEE/IFIP. Osaka. 316 – 322. doi:10.1109/NOMSW.2010.5486557
Zpryme. (2010). Smart Grid insights: V2G. Recuperado de: https://docs.zigbee.org/zigbee-docs/dcn/10-5873.pdf
Basso, T. (2009, Julio). IEEE SCC21 P2030TM Standard development Smart Grid interoperability. Paper presentado en MADRI Meetings, Philadelphia, PA. Recuperado de: http://sites.energetics.com/madri/pdfs/P2030-MADRI-20090701-Basso.pdf
Basso, T. (2011, Abril). IEEE SCC21 1547TM Interconnection and P2030TM Smart Grid interoperability series of standards (slides). Presentación en ANSI Workshop: Standards and codes for electric drive vehicles , Bethesda, MD. Recuperado de: http://publicaa.ansi.org/sites/apdl/Documents/Meetings%20and%20Events/EDV%20Workshop/Presentations/Basso-ANSI-EDV-0411.pdf
Boal, J. (2010). Smart Grid. Recuperado de: http://www.dea.icai.upco.es/sadot/Comunicaciones/avanzadas/Smart%20grid%20-%20Jaime%20Boal.pdf
Boswarthick, D., Elloumi, O, & Ballot, JM (2010, abril). Smart Grids. From the machine to machine perspective. Presentación realizada en Future Internet assembly, Valencia, España. Recuperada de: http://www.future-internet.eu/fileadmin/documents/valencia_documents/sessions/smart_energy/5._boswarthick.pdf
Bullis, K. (2009, Julio). The big Smart Grid challenges. Recuperado de: http://www.technologyreview.com/printer_friendly_article.aspx?id=23015
Chandy, K.M., Gooding, J., & McDonald, J. (2010, Diciembre). Smart Grid system of systems architectures, systems evolution to guide strategic investments in modernizing the electric grid. Paper presentado en Grid-Interop 2010, Working together for interoperability, Chicago, IL. Recuperado de: http://www.gridwiseac.org/pdfs/forum_papers10/gooding_gi10.pdf
Coll-Mayor, D. (2009, Diciembre). Overview of strategies and goals of Smart Grid in Europe. Documento presentado en: R&D Collaboration for DG-ready grid architecture, pre-conference workshop, 4th international conference on integration of renewable and distributed energy resources of energy, Albuquerque, FL. Recuperado de: http://www.4thintegrationconference.com/downloads/Strategies%20&%20Goals%20of%20Smartgrid%20in%20Europe.pdf
Cupp, J., & Beeler, M. (2008). Implementing Smart Grid communications: Managing mountains of data opens up new challenges for electric utilities. Burns & McDonnell TECHBriefs (2008) 4. 5-8. Recuperado de: http://www.smartgridnews.com/artman/uploads/1/article-smartgrid-part2-084.pdf
De Craemer, K. & Deconinck, G. (2010, Marzo). Analysis of state of the art smart metering communication standards. Presentación en Smart Grids and renewable energy production Session 1, Youngs researchers symposium 2010, Leuven, Bélgica. Recuperado de: https://lirias.kuleuven.be/bitstream/123456789/265822/1/SmartMeteringCommStandards.pdf
Department of Energy [DOE] (2008). How the Smart Grid promotes a greener future. Recuperado de: http://www.smartgrid.gov/sites/default/files/pdfs/sg_environmental.pdf
Díaz, E. (2011) La Smart Grid y su dimensión TIC (Presentación). Recuperado de: http://www.enerclub.es/files/frontAction.do?action=getFile&fileID=1000073806
Electric Power Research Institute [EPRI]. (2009, Junio). Report to NIST on the Smart Grid interoperability standards roadmap (Contract No. SB1341-09-CN-0031—Deliverable 7). Recuperado de: http://www.nist.gov/smartgrid/upload/InterimSmartGridRoadmapNISTRestructure.pdf
Electricity Advisory Committee [EAC] (2008). Smart Grid: enabler of the new energy. Recuperado de: http://energy.gov/oe/downloads/smart-grid-enabler-new-energy-economy
European Commission (2006). SmartGrids technology platform. Vision and strategy for Europe’s electricity networks of the Future. Recuperado de: http://ec.europa.eu/research/energy/pdf/smartgrids_en.pdf
European Commission Task Force for Smart Grids. (2010). Mission for the task force for the implementation of Smart Grids into the European internal market. Recuperado de: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/gas_electricity/smartgrids/doc/mission.pdf
Fehrenbacher, K. (2010, Febrero). Smart Grid problem?: Smart at the edge, dumb in the middle. Recuperado de: http://gigaom.com/cleantech/smart-grid-problem-smart-at-the-edge-dumb-in-the-middle/
Flynn, B. (2007, Octubre). What is the real potential of the Smart Grid? Paper preparado para Autovation 2007 The AMRA international symposium, Sept-Oct, 2007, Reno, NV. Recuperado de: http://site.ge-energy.com/prod_serv/plants_td/en/downloads/real_potential_grid.pdf
Galvin, R. & Yeager, K. (2008). Perfect power: How the microgrid revolution will unleash cleaner, greener, and more abundant energy. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
Gómez, L. (2011, Abril). ¿Qué eso de Smart Grid? La red eléctrica inteligente (blog). Recuperado de: http://lynettegomez.wordpress.com/2011/04/25/%C2%BFque-eso-de-smart-grid-la-red-electrica-inteligente/
González, J., Restrepo, H., Isaac, I. & López, G. (2011). Esquema de incorporación de las Smart Grids en el sistema de potencia colombiano. Revista Investigaciones Aplicadas. 9. 21-26. Recuperado de: http://revistas.upb.edu.co/index.php/investigacionesaplicadas/article/viewFile/798/732
Gunther, E.W., Snyder A., Gilchrist G., & Highfill, D. (2009). Smart Grid standards assessment and recommendations for adoption and development (Draft 0.83, preparado para la California Energy Commission). Knoxville, TN: EnerNex. http://opensmartgrid.org/Shared%20Documents/Smart%20Grid%20Standards%20Landscape%20White%20Paper%20v0%2083.doc
Hart, D.G. (2008, Julio). Using AMI to realize the Smart Grid. En Power and energy society general meeting - Conversion and delivery of electrical energy in the 21st Century, IEEE 2008, Pittsburg, PA. 1-2. doi: 10.1109/PES.2008.4596961
Hawkins, K. (2010, Agosto). Smart Grid problems revealed: The NERC study. Recuperado de: http://www.masterresource.org/2010/08/smart-grid-nerc/
Hiskens, I.A. (2010, Julio). What’s smart about the Smart Grid? Design automation conference (DAC), 2010 47th ACM/IEEE. Anaheim, CA. 937–939. New York, NY: ACM.
Hussein, A., Harb, A., Kutkut, S., Shen, N., & Batarseh, J. (2010, Junio). Design considerations for distributed micro-storage systems in residential applications. Paper presentado en Telecommunications energy conference (Intelec), IEEE International 32nd. Orlando, FL
IEEE. (2011). IEEE Draft guide for Smart Grid interoperability of energy technology and information technology operation with the electric power system (EPS), and end-use applications and loads (IEEE P2030/D6.0). doi: 10.1109/IEEESTD.2011.5958567
Ipakchi, A., & Albuyeh, F. (2009). Grid of the future. IEEE Power and energy magazine, (7)2, 52-62. Recuperado de: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm?arnumber=4787536
Kaplan, M. (2009). Smart Grid: Modernizing electric power transmission and distribution; Energy independence, Storage and security; Energy independence and security act of 2007 (EISA); Improving electrical grid efficiency, communication, reliability, and resiliency; integrating new and renewable energy sources. Alexandria, VA: The Capitol Net.
Katz, J. (2010a). Successful Smart Grid architecture. Recuperado de: http://mthink.com/utilities/utilities/successful-smart-grid-architecture
Katz, J. (2010b). Smart Grid security and architectural thinking. Recuperado de: http://www.ibm.com/smarterplanet/global/files/us__en_us__energy__smartgridsecurity_and_architecturalthinking_katz.pdf
Kwasinski, A. (2010, Junio) Implication of Smart-Grids development for communication systems in normal operation and during disasters. Paper presentado en Telecommunications energy conference (Intelec), IEEE International 32nd. Orlando, FL
Lima, C. (2011, Abril). Smart Grids IEEE P2030. IEEE P2030 Smart Grid communications architecture SG1. Presentación en ETSI Workshop - Standards: An architecture for the Smart Grid. Francia, Abril 5th 2011. Recuperado de: http://docbox.etsi.org/Workshop/2011/201104_SMARTGRIDS/02_STANDARDS/IEEE_LIMA.pdf
Lindley, D. (2011). Redes inteligentes: El problema del almacenamiento de la energía. Recuperado de: http://www.npgiberoamerica.com/union-fenosa/redes-inteligentes-el-problema-del-almacenamiento-de-la-en.html
Mahmood, A., Aamir, M. & Anis, M.I. (2008, Octubre). Design and implementation of AMR Smart Grid system. Electric power conference, 2008. EPEC 2008. IEEE. Canadá. Vancouver, BC. 1– 6. Recuperado de: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplore/login.jsp?url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fiel5%2F4749248%2F4763280%2F04763340.pdf%3Farnumber%3D4763340&authDecision=-203
McDonald, J. (2008). Leader o follower. The business scene. IEEE Power & energy magazine, 18-90. doi: 10.1109/MPE.2008.929699
McNaughton, G. & Saint, R. (Enero, 2010). Enterprise integration implications for Home-Area Network technologies. Innovative Smart Grid technologies (ISGT) 2010, Gaithersburg, MD. 1-5. doi:10.1109/ISGT.2010.5434755
Metke, A. & Ekl, R. (2010, Junio). Security technology for Smart Grid networks. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, (1)1, 99-107. Recuperado de: http://www.ece.mtu.edu/~zhuofeng/EE5970Spring2011_files/Security%20Technology%20for%20Smart%20Grid%20Networks.pdf
Mytic et al., (2010). Estrategia integral para el impulso del vehículo eléctrico en España. Recuperado de: http://www.mityc.es/es-es/gabineteprensa/notasprensa/documents/estrategiaintegralveh%C3%ADculoelectrico060410.pdf
National Institute of Standards and Technology [NIST] (2010a). NIST Framework and roadmap for Smart Grid interoperability standards (Release 1.0). Recuperado de: http://www.nist.gov/public_affairs/releases/upload/smartgrid_interoperability_final.pdf
NIST. (2010b). NIST Identifies five “foundational” Smart Grid standards (Press release). Recuperado de: http://www.nist.gov/public_affairs/releases/smartgrid_100710.cfm
Ngan, H.W. (2008). A Smart Grid architecture for supporting open access to power grids. Recuperado de: http://www.smartgridnews.com/artman/uploads/1/full_paper_hw_ngan.pdf
Observatorio Industrial del Sector de la Electrónica, Tecnologías de la información y telecomunicaciones. (2011, Mayo). Smart Grids y la evolución de la red eléctrica. Recuperado de: http://www.mityc.es/industria/observatorios/SectorElectronica/Actividades/2010/Federaci%C3%B3n%20de%20Entidades%20de%20Innovaci%C3%B3n%20y%20Tecnolog%C3%ADa/SMART_GRIDS_Y_EVOLUCION_DE_LA_RED_ELECTRICA.pdf
Ramos, E. (2010, Junio). El vehículo eléctrico. Su impacto en las redes del futuro. Recuperado de http://www.asimelec.es/media/Ou1/Curso%20Verano%202010/Las%20TICs%20y%20el%20coche%20el%C3%A9ctrico_Enrique%20Ramos_Telvent.pdf
Redorbit. (2009). Energy efficiency technologies offer major savings. Recuperado de: http://www.redorbit.com/news/
Romatech. (2010, Junio) Smart Grids: incorporando inteligencia en las redes eléctricas. Revista Electroindustria, 74. Recuperado de: http://www.emb.cl/electroindustria/articulo.mvc?xid=1422&tip=9
Sonoma Innovation. (2009a) Smart Grid communications architectural framework Smart Grid interoperability standards IP protocol & wireless/AMI. Recuperado de: http://www-users.cselabs.umn.edu/classes/Fall-2009/seng5861/project/a1ueNt4L.pdf
Sonoma Innovation. (2009b). Smart Grid communications logical reference architecture. Recuperado de: https://mentor.ieee.org/2030/dcn/09/2030-09-0110-00-0011-smart-grid-communications-logical-reference-architecture.ppt
The GridWise Architecture Council. (2008, Marzo). The GridWise® interoperability context-setting framework. Recuperado de: http://www.gridwiseac.org/pdfs/interopframework_v1_1.pdf
Torchia, M. (2011, Marzo). Top 10 considerations in selecting a distribution area network for Smart Grids (blog, IDC Energy Insights #EI226692). Recuperado de: http://www.smartgridnews.com/artman/uploads/1/IDC_Exec_Brief_0311.pdf
Trilliant (2009). Empowering the Smart Grid. Recuperado de: http://mthink.com/utilities/utilities/trilliant-0
Verschueren, T., Haerick, W., Mets, K., Develder, C., De
Turck, F. & Pollet, T. (2010). Architectures for smart end-user services in the power grid. Network operations and management symposium workshops (NOMS, 2010 IEEE/IFIP. Osaka. 316 – 322. doi:10.1109/NOMSW.2010.5486557
Zpryme. (2010). Smart Grid insights: V2G. Recuperado de: https://docs.zigbee.org/zigbee-docs/dcn/10-5873.pdf
Descargas
Publicado
2011-09-30
Número
Sección
Estado del Arte
Licencia
Esta publicación está licenciada bajo los términos de la licencia CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es)
